Compared with traditional sludge treatment agents (such as single polyacrylamide, quicklime, etc.), the dedicated sludge enhancer developed based on the characteristics of papermaking sludge has demonstrated multi-dimensional and overwhelming advantages in practical applications, becoming the core choice for solving the problem of papermaking sludge treatment.
In terms of treatment efficiency, the mechanism of action of traditional agents is single. They can only form loose flocs through simple charge neutralization or physical adsorption, and have limited damage to the stable colloidal structure in papermaking sludge. For instance, when polyacrylamide is used alone for treatment, the agent needs to be fully mixed and reacted with the sludge for 1.5 to 2 hours first. The subsequent filtration process takes another 1 to 1.5 hours, and the entire process takes 2.5 to 3 hours. Moreover, the formed flocs are prone to breakage during filtration, resulting in incomplete separation of water. The dedicated sludge enhancer, through the synergistic effect of "physical conditioning + chemical modification", can quickly penetrate the colloidal barrier - the high-molecular polymer chain can rapidly adsorb the fine fiber components and colloidal particles in the sludge, while the inorganic conditioning agent simultaneously destroys the hydrophilic structure of lignin. Within 30 to 60 minutes, a tight and tough flocs can be formed. When paired with a conventional plate and frame filter press, the filtration time can be directly shortened to 45-60 minutes, and the overall treatment efficiency can be increased by more than 50%. For large-scale papermaking enterprises that produce hundreds of tons of sludge every day, it can significantly reduce sludge accumulation and avoid the problems of site occupation and odor caused by untimely treatment.
In terms of comprehensive cost control, the advantages of sludge efficiency enhancers are more significant. On the one hand, its compound formula is highly efficient. The dosage of the reagent for each ton of papermaking sludge is only 1-3kg, which is much lower than that of traditional reagents (a single polyacrylamide requires 3-5kg per ton, and when combined with quicklime, the total dosage can even reach 8-10kg per ton), reducing the direct reagent cost by 30% to 40%. On the other hand, the "reduction effect" brought about by efficient dewatering further compressors subsequent costs - after treatment with sludge enhancers, the moisture content of the sludge drops from the traditional 65%-70% to 50%-55%, and the volume of the sludge cake is reduced by 30%-40%. Take a paper mill with a daily output of 200 tons of sludge (with a moisture content of 97%) as an example. The weight of the sludge cake after traditional treatment is about 60 tons. After using the sludge enhancer, only 30 to 35 tons are needed. The transportation cost (calculated at 80 yuan per ton) can be reduced from 4,800 yuan per day to 2,400 to 2,800 yuan. The average monthly transportation cost savings exceed 50,000 yuan. If incineration disposal is carried out subsequently, for every 10% reduction in moisture content, the incineration energy consumption can be reduced by approximately 15%. Calculated based on the consumption of 50 kilograms of standard coal per ton of sludge for incineration, about 15 to 20 tons of standard coal can be saved each month, equivalent to a cost of over 10,000 yuan. By adding the cost savings of pharmaceuticals, the overall cost of an enterprise can be reduced by 20% to 30%.
Environmental friendliness is another core advantage that distinguishes sludge enhancers from traditional agents. Although the traditional quicklime conditioning method can improve the dewatering effect to a certain extent, it will cause the pH value of the sludge to rise sharply above 12. If the sludge is to be used for agricultural or building materials production in the future, additional acidic substances need to be added for neutralization, increasing the treatment steps and costs. Meanwhile, quicklime will react with the components in the sludge to form new solid substances, causing the dry weight of the sludge to increase by 10% to 15% (i.e., the "weight gain effect"), which instead adds to the burden of subsequent disposal. The pH value of the dedicated sludge enhancer is stable between 6.5 and 7.5, close to neutral. After treatment, the sludge does not need to be neutralized and can directly enter the subsequent processes, and no additional solid is generated. In addition, the biological agents it contains can degrade the easily decomposable organic matter in sludge (such as residual starch and sugar), reduce the emission of malodorous gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, and lower the on-site odor concentration by 60% to 70%. The chelating components can control the leaching amount of heavy metal ions (such as lead and cadmium) below 0.1mg/L, which is much lower than the limit value of Class III water in the "Groundwater Quality Standard" (GB/T 14848-2017) (0.01mg/L for Class I, 0.05mg/L for Class III, adjusted according to the actual common control value). It fully complies with environmental protection emission requirements and avoids the secondary pollution of soil and water bodies that may be caused by traditional treatment.
In terms of adaptability, sludge enhancers also demonstrate extremely strong flexibility. The composition of sludge produced by different papermaking processes (such as cultural paper, packaging paper, and household paper) varies greatly - the sludge from cultural paper has a high fiber content (about 30%-40%) but less additive residue, while the sludge from packaging paper has a high proportion of inorganic components (over 50%) due to the use of a large amount of fillers (such as calcium carbonate). The sludge from household paper products contains more organic pollutants due to the bleaching process. Traditional chemicals usually only take effect on a certain type of sludge. When changing the type of papermaking, the formula of the chemicals needs to be readjuffled, which is cumbersome to operate and can easily affect the treatment effect. The dedicated sludge enhancer can flexibly adjust the compounding ratio based on the real-time detection data of the sludge (such as fiber content, moisture content, and pollutant type). For instance, for high-filler sludge, the content of inorganic conditioning agents can be increased to enhance dewatering, and for high-organic-pollution sludge, the proportion of biological agents can be increased to degrade pollutants. It can be adapted to various types of papermaking sludge without changing the type of agent. It has significantly reduced the fluctuations in processing costs caused by the adjustment of production processes for enterprises.